the scanning electron microscope

نویسندگان

پیروز پیروز

چکیده

it is only thirteen years since the scanning electron microscope has been available commercially. yet, even in this short period of time, this instrument has been a powerful tool in the investigation of topography, electrical and magnetic properties, crystal structure, cathodoluminescent characteristics etc. of solid specimens. today, this type of microscope has opened its place alongside the conventional trunsmission electron microscope in most biological and physical laboratories and its applications is extending everyday. this article is a review of the scanning electron microscope, the way it works, the types of contrast that can be detected and of the mechanisms that give rise to them and also some of its applications in materials science

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جلد ۳۹، شماره ۱۱، صفحات ۰-۰

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